What differentiates formative assessment from summative assessment?

The distinction between formative and summative assessment lies primarily in their purpose and timing within the learning process. Formative assessments are specifically designed to enhance learning during the instructional process by providing ongoing feedback to both instructors and students. This type of assessment is typically conducted throughout the learning experience, allowing educators to gauge understanding and adjust their teaching strategies accordingly. The focus is on monitoring student progress and fostering an environment where learners can improve and thrive.

In contrast, summative assessments are intended to evaluate the cumulative knowledge or skills that students have acquired at the end of an instructional period. These assessments aim to measure the overall effectiveness of teaching and typically occur after a learning unit has been completed. The emphasis is on assessing final outcomes rather than on the process of learning itself.

Thus, the correct option neatly encapsulates the purpose of formative assessments: to continuously inform and enhance the learning experience during instruction, which ultimately leads to better educational outcomes for students.