What does cognitive theory focus on?

Cognitive theory primarily emphasizes the internal mental processes of the learner, which include thinking, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. It posits that understanding and knowledge are constructed in the mind rather than solely through external stimuli or environments. This perspective maintains that learners actively process information, make sense of their experiences, and apply this understanding in their learning process.

Cognitive theorists are interested in how students perceive, interpret, and remember information, which informs instructional strategies to enhance learning outcomes. They advocate for approaches that engage students' critical thinking skills and metacognition, encouraging them to reflect on their own understanding and learning strategies. This focus on cognition is what differentiates it from other learning theories that may prioritize observable behavior, social interactions, or unconscious processes.