Which element is NOT included in performance-based objectives?

Performance-based objectives clearly outline the expected outcomes of training or instruction. These objectives typically include specific elements such as conditions, the description of a skill or behavior, and criteria for measuring success.

The conditions refer to the context under which the skill is performed, which may include the environment or any resources that will be available. The description of a skill or behavior outlines what exactly is expected from the learner, ensuring clarity in what is being taught. Lastly, criteria to measure success provide a way to assess whether the objectives have been met, helping instructors and learners understand the standard that must be achieved.

Personal preferences, on the other hand, are subjective and do not contribute to the objective assessment of a learner's performance. They may influence learning but do not form a part of the measurable components in performance-based objectives. Therefore, this element does not align with the structured and measurable nature of performance-based objectives, making it the correct choice for this question.